White Flour and the First Metabolic Wave

Where we are on the timeline

After The Roller Mill, the book enters the early modern health puzzle. Refined flour becomes common inside a wider shift in sugar, sedentary work, urban food systems, and chronic disease observation.

This chapter uses “wave” carefully.

The historical claim is moderate: from roughly 1900 to 1970, observers increasingly linked refined carbohydrates and industrial diets with chronic disease. The causal claim is cautious: white flour is one contributor within a cluster, not a single master cause. The theological claim is indirect: bread’s inherited authority made refined grain harder to question.

Sections

  1. Defining The Wave
  2. Refinement And Confounders
  3. Early Warnings
  4. What The Evidence Can Bear